U.S. House of Representatives
The U.S. House of Representatives
The U.S. Constitution requires that representation in the House of Representatives be based on population, with each state guaranteed at least one Representative. Every ten years, the census determines how the 435 seats are apportioned among the states. This ensures that each Representative serves approximately the same number of constituents, maintaining fairness in the legislative process.
To serve in the House, the Constitution requires a person to be at least 25 years old, a U.S. citizen for seven years, and an inhabitant of the state they represent. Representatives are elected to two-year terms, allowing for frequent accountability to the people. Disqualification is rare but can occur under the 14th Amendment for those engaged in insurrection or rebellion after having previously sworn an oath to support the Constitution.
- The oldest person ever elected to the U.S. House of Representatives was James Bowler of Illinois, who was elected at age 78 and served until age 84.
- John Dingell of Michigan holds the record for the longest service in the House, having been elected 30 times and serving over 59 years from 1955 to 2015.
- One infamous moment in House history occurred in 1858 when a heated debate over slavery led to a full-blown brawl, with members physically fighting in the chamber—one even wielded a fireplace poker.
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